It is a fact that hardwood flooring will last a lifetime if properly maintained. In our last post we covered how to protect floors from damage, and how to keep floors looking beautiful with regular light cleaning, and occasional deep cleaning when necessary.
However, none of the techniques covered in the last post are any good to you if the finish on your floor has become damaged. Now, the first thing we will say is that the best thing to do in this situation is to get the professionals in, because paying them to do a perfect job with minimal hassle will cost far less than fixing any mistakes you might make, or potentially even having to replace part or all of the floors.
However, below we are going to explain the process of refinishing hardwood floors. This can be looked upon as a Do It Yourself guide or simply so you know what the tradesman will be doing in order that you can judge what a reasonable quote is:
Step 1: Sanding
This can be done with hand sanders, but this is incredibly sore on the back. The best advice is to hire a sander. The old drum sanders are fine, but the orbital sanders are by far the best.
You will also need to get the four different grades of sandpaper, 36, 60, 80, 100, and a dust-mask.
Most importantly: when sanding it is essential that you do not leave the sander standing while switched on, as this will put a recess into the wood that will be irreparable. When you switch the sander on just ensure you keep moving, long, steady strokes along the grain of the wood. Never sand across the grain. If you accidentally make a small gouge in the wood, simply make long strokes back and forth over the affected area to even it out.
Start with the roughest sandpaper, 36 and sand over the floor in the direction of the wood. Then, with a lighter-grain sandpaper (60 grit), sand scratches and lines in the floor as many times as necessary to remove them. Then attach the next grade, and the next, to sand the floor to a beautiful smooth finish.
If your sander doesn’t reach the edges of the floor you will need to use an edging sander, or a hand sander to sand down the edges of the floor in the same way as covered above.
You should then brush up the saw-dust, and then use a hand vacuum to pick up the even finer dust.
Step 2: Staining
By now, you are looking at a smooth, sanded hardwood floor, as bare and beautiful as nature never intended. You have to choose whether you want to keep its natural beauty or give its beauty a different shade, texture and/or tone.
This is a decision you will already have made, and you will have bought the stain in your chosen shade, but no one says you can’t change your mind when presented with the natural beauty of the wood.
If you have decided not to stain you can move on to step 3. Otherwise, the next step is to test your shade on a corner of the floor and leave it 5 minutes to dry, to make sure you like it on.
If you do, the next step is to apply a first coat of stain to the rest of the floor. Use a brush and smooth out with a rag if you want heavier, darker coats. Use only rags for lighter and more controlled strokes. Either way, apply with long, even strokes, going with the grain. Allow the first coat to dry. If necessary, apply a second coat, or touch up light spots.
Step 3: Finishing (AKA Sealing)
Firstly, ensure that you do the opposite of how Bond likes his martinis; stir the polyurethane finishing solution, do not shake. Shaking would create air bubbles which would ruin the finish on your floor.
Apply polyurethane with a brush or roller, using smooth, even strokes with the grain to avoid marks in the finish. Then leave to dry for at least 3 hours, before applying the second coat – check the label for drying times of the brand you have bought.
Add a second coat. Allow the final coat to dry overnight at least, and leave it up to 3 days before moving furniture or rugs back on the floor.